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. 2025 Oct 2;38:14497. doi: 10.3389/ti.2025.14497

TABLE 3.

Risk of Bias using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist.

PROM Author Content valicity Structural validity Internal valdity (Cronbach’s alpha) Cross-cultural validity Reliability Measurement error (test-retest) Criterion validity Hypothesis testing for construct validity Responsiveness
Disease specific N = 9
(SF-)LDQOL Kanwal F (SF-LDQOL) Inadequate very good adequate very good very good very good
Gralnek I.M. Very good Inadequate very good inadequate very good
TxEQ Pérez-San-Gregorio, MÁ very good very good
Annema, C inadequate very good inadequate
pLTQ Molski, C very good very good very good very good
Saab, S very good very good very good very good
Self-made questionnaire Parsa Yekta, Z very good Inadequate very good adequate
Self-made questionnaire Lasker, J. N. (social QoL) very good inadequate inadequate doubtful
Self-made questionnaire Franciosi, M. (ITaLi-Q) very good doubtful very good very good very good
Self-made questionnaire Chen, X. (Post-LiverTransplant Symptom Experience Questionnaire) Inadequate Very good inadequate
Self-management Questionnaire for LT recipients Xing L very good
QUALIOST Atamaz, F NA Very good Doubtful doubtful Very good
Generic N = 26
Short-form 36 (SF-36) Fernandez, A. C Very good Inadequate Very good
Miller-Matero, L. R very good very good very good
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) Pelgur H very good
Miller-Matero, L. R very good very good very good
Lin. X Very good
World Health Organisation – Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) Fernandez, A. C Inadequate/Doubtful
Weber S Doubtful
WHOQOL-BREF Annema, C very good inadequate
Molski, C
Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) Gangeri, L very good doubtful very good Doubtful very good
Scrignaro M Very good Inadequate Inadequate Very good
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) Gangeri, L very good doubtful very good Doubtful very good
Connor Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) Fernandez, A. C inadequate very good adequate very good
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Fernandez, A. C Inadequate/Doubtful
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Fernandez, A. C Inadequate/Doubtful
Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (SSS) Fernandez, A. C Inadequate/Doubtful
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) Annema, C Inadequate/Doubtful
Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Annema, C Inadequate/Doubtful
Pearlin-Scooler Mastery Scale Annema, C Inadequate/Doubtful
Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-SF) Annema, C very good
Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) Lin. X Very good
General Comfort Questionnaire Demir B Doubtful Inadequate
Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) Lin. X Very good
Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9) Gronewold N Doubtful
Generalized anxiety deisorder screener (GAD-7) Gronewold N Doubtful
Perceived social support questionnaire Gronewold N Doubtful
Sense of coherence scale by Antonovsky Gronewold N Doubtful
general self-efficacy short scale Gronewold N Doubtful
German body image Gronewold N Very good
Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physicial Activity (SQUASH) Ushio M Adequate adequate Very good
UCLA loniless scale Weber S Doubtful
Utility measures N = 1
EQ-5D Russell R.T. Doubtful inadequate very good very good