Table 2.
Performance of PSMA, Glypican 3, HSP70, and GS alone or in combination for diagnosing HCC in the test cohort (n = 472, including 320 hepatocellular nodules and 152 non-tumour livers) and in the validation cohort (n = 124, including 87 hepatocellular nodules and 37 non-tumour livers).
| Markers | Minimum positive markers required | Test cohort (n = 472) |
Validation cohort (n = 124) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Se | Spe | PPV | NPV | Accuracy | Se | Spe | PPV | NPV | Accuracy | ||
| PSMA | 1 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.97 | 0.83 |
| Glypican 3 | 1 | 0.53 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 0.80 |
| HSP70 | 1 | 0.61 | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.81 | 0.60 |
| GS | 1 | 0.25 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 1 | 1 | 0.74 | 0.77 |
| Glypican 3, HSP70, GS | 2 | 0.47 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.41 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 0.80 |
| PSMA, Glypican 3, HSP70, GS | 2 | 0.73 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.92 | 0.86 |
Best performance for each metric is highlighted in bold. GS, glutamine synthetase; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; Se, sensitivity; Spe, specificity.