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. 2010 Sep 8;2010(9):CD005233. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005233.pub3

Kröner‐Herwig 1995.

Methods Randomised controlled trial. Randomisation by drawing code numbers from a basket with the total sample.
Participants 43 (of 52 initially recruited) patients (60.5% male, mean age 48 years) allocated to 4 groups
Inclusion criteria were: 
 (1) Duration of tinnitus more than 6 months 
 (2) Impairment due to tinnitus > 4 on a 10‐point rating scale 
 (3) Hearing ability adequate for communication purposes 
 (4) No treatable organic or psychological pathology 
 (5) No current psychotherapy 
 (6) Completed medical examination 
 (7) Willingness to participate in the assessment and at least 8 to 10 treatment sessions
Interventions Four experimental groups: 
 (1) Tinnitus Coping Training 1 (TCT1 = 7 patients) 
 (2) Tinnitus Coping Training 2 (TCT2 = 8 patients) 
 (3) Yoga training (9 patients) 
 (4) A waiting list control (WLC = 19 patients)
Each treatment group (TCT1, TCT2, yoga) consisted of 10 2‐hourly sessions; each group was conducted by a different qualified professional
Outcomes The outcome measures included: 
 (1) Audiological: Tinnitus Sensation Level (TSL), Tinnitus Masking Level (TML) 
 (2) Self‐monitoring tinnitus diary: subjective loudness, tinnitus discomfort, sleep disturbance, interference with activity, control of tinnitus and hours per day of tinnitus ignored 
 (3) Self‐report questionnaires: TQ, and well‐being variables: depression, mood and symptoms
All assessments were completed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and 3 months follow up (the latter one except for audiological outcomes)
Notes The number of patients that were lost was 9 (3 in TCT1, 2 in TCT2t, 1 in yoga and 3 in the WLC). Total drop‐out = 9/43 = 20.93%. There were no adverse effects reported.
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Allocation concealment? Low risk Randomisation by drawing code numbers from a basket with the total sample