Table 4. Regression models predicting HbA1c, self-efficacy and self-management from demographic and clinical characteristics in the overall sample and cluster subgroups.
| Univariate linear regression (p values for individual predictors) |
Multiple linear regression (p values for predictors retained in model) |
Adjusted R2 | Model p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | ||||
| All subject (N=440) | Age (p=0.001), age at diagnosis (p<0.001), gender (p=0.052), education level (p=0.05), BMI (p=0.45), treatment regimen (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.65), dyslipidaemia (p=0.008) | Age (p=0.25), age at diagnosis (p=0.23), gender (p=0.16), education level (p=0.03)*, treatment regimen (p<0.001)*, dyslipidaemia (p=0.02)* | 0.182 | <0.001 |
| Cluster 1 (n=124) | Age (p=0.09), age at diagnosis (p=0.05), gender (p=0.93), education level (p=0.42), BMI (p=0.60), treatment regimen (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.62), dyslipidaemia (p=0.07) | Age (p=0.36), age at diagnosis (p=0.97), treatment regimen (p<0.001)*, dyslipidaemia (p=0.09) | 0.153 | <0.001 |
| Cluster 2 (n=136) | Age (p=0.099), age at diagnosis (p=0.003), gender (p=0.46), education level (p=0.36), BMI (p=0.82), treatment regimen (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.38), dyslipidaemia (p=0.69) | Age (p=0.95), age at diagnosis (p=0.33), treatment regimen (p<0.001)* | 0.177 | <0.001 |
| Cluster 3 (n=135) | Age (p=0.08), age at diagnosis (p=0.04), gender (p=0.05), education level (p=0.20), BMI (p=0.35), treatment regimen (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.40), dyslipidaemia (p=0.004) | Age (p=0.39), age at diagnosis (p=0.93), gender (p=0.06), treatment regimen (p<0.001)*, dyslipidaemia (p=0.008)* | 0.172 | <0.001 |
| Cluster 4 (n=45) | Age (p=0.49), age at diagnosis (p=0.20), gender (p=0.47), education level (p=0.44), BMI (p=0.66), treatment regimen (p=0.16), hypertension (p=0.58), dyslipidaemia (p=0.43) | – | – | – |
| Self-efficacy | ||||
| All subjects (N=440) | Gender (p=0.17), education level (p=0.03), BMI (p=0.17), hypertension (p=0.08), dyslipidaemia (p=0.48), microvascular complication (p=0.23) | Education level (p=0.02)*, hypertension (p=0.06) | 0.014 | 0.018 |
| Cluster 1 (n=124) | Gender (p=0.62), education level (p=0.62), BMI (p=0.63), hypertension (p=0.67), dyslipidaemia (p=0.66), microvascular complication (p=0.56) | – | – | – |
| Cluster 2 (n=136) | Gender (p=0.38), education level (p=0.83), BMI (p=0.67), hypertension (p=0.02), dyslipidaemia (p=0.36), microvascular complication (p=0.42) | Hypertension (p=0.02)* | 0.036 | 0.015 |
| Cluster 3 (n=135) | Gender (p=0.08), education level (p=0.03), BMI (p=0.10), hypertension (p=0.09), dyslipidaemia (p=0.74), microvascular complication (p=0.65) | Gender (p=0.46), education level (p=0.049)*, BMI (p=0.30), hypertension (p=0.17) | 0.045 | 0.040 |
| Cluster 4 (n=45) | Gender (p=0.37), education level (p=0.85), BMI (p=0.79), hypertension (p=0.27), dyslipidaemia (p=0.82), microvascular complication (p=0.19) | – | – | – |
| Self-management | ||||
| All subject (N=440) | Age (p=0.03), gender (p=0.099), education level (p=0.79), BMI (p<0.001), age at diagnosis (p=0.03), treatment regimen (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.83), dyslipidaemia (p=0.03) | Age (p=0.21), gender (p=0.34), BMI (p=0.01), age at diagnosis (p=0.59), treatment regimen (p=0.001), dyslipidaemia (p=0.04) | 0.058 | <0.001 |
| Cluster1 (n=124) | Age (p=0.49), gender (p=0.37), education level (p=0.42), BMI (p=0.21), age at diagnosis (p=0.80), treatment regimen (p=0.27), hypertension (p=0.51), dyslipidaemia (p=0.21) | – | – | – |
| Cluster2 (n=136) | Age (p=0.27), gender (p=0.28), education level (p=0.03), BMI (p=0.095), age at diagnosis (p=0.59), treatment regimen (p=0.24), hypertension (p=0.43), dyslipidaemia (p=0.97) | Education level (p=0.06), BMI (p=0.22), | 0.032 | 0.043 |
| Cluster3(n=135) | Age (p=0.56), gender (p<0.001), education level (p=0.62), BMI (p=0.04), age at diagnosis (p=0.14), treatment regimen (p=0.099), hypertension (p=0.13), dyslipidaemia (p=0.49) | Gender (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.47), treatment regimen (p=0.14) | 0.097 | 0.001 |
| Cluster4 (n=45) | Age (p=0.68), gender (p=0.18), education level (p=0.99), BMI (p=0.94), age at diagnosis (p=0.68), treatment regimen (p=0.75), hypertension (p=0.24), dyslipidaemia (p=0.33) | – | – | – |
*
The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin.