TABLE 3.
Immune regulation pathways of DMSCs.
| DMSCs | Research scholars | Mechanism of action | Experimental conditions | Specific approaches | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPSCs | KWACK et al. | Inhibit the proliferation of T cells | Phytohemagglutinin-activated monocytes, IFN-γ pretreated culture medium | IFN-γ activation of DPSCs can inhibit the proliferation of T cells and reduce the production of IL-17 | Kwack et al. (2017) |
| ZHAO et al. | Inducing apoptosis of T cells | CD3+ T cells activated by phytohemagglutinin | It can inhibit T cell proliferation, induce T cell apoptosis, and stimulate the formation of Treg | Zhao et al. (2012) | |
| OMI et al. | Influence macrophage polarization | Transplantation of DPSCs into the unilateral hind limb skeletal muscle and DPSCs treated with lipoteichoic acid | Trigger M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit inflammation | Omi et al. (2016) | |
| RUFAS et al. | Activate the complement system | / | It can express the vast majority of factors required to activate the complement system | Rufas et al. (2016) | |
| PDLSCs | LIU et al. | Inhibit the differentiation of T cells | Periodontal ligament stem cells isolated from an inflammatory environment | Inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ to suppress the differentiation of T cells into Th1 | Liu et al. (2012) |
| LI et al. SHIN et al. |
Inhibit T cell proliferation | Concanavalin A-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Indirect soluble mediators and direct cell-to-cell contact inhibit T cell proliferation, or inhibit the expression of non-classical MHC-like glycoprotein CD1b in DCs to suppress T cell proliferation |
Li et al. (2014)
Shin et al. (2017) |
|
| SHEDs | YAMAZA et al. | Inhibit T cell differentiation | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and immature CD4+ | Inhibiting Th17 differentiation, its effect is greater than that of bone marrow mesenchymal cells | Yamaza et al. (2010) |
| GAO et al. | Enhance the ability of DC to induce Treg | / | Reduce the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ by DC and increase the secretion of IL-10 | Gao et al. (2018) |
DMSCs, Dental mesenchymal stem cells; DPSCs, Dental pulp stem cells; PDLSCs, Periodontal ligament stem cells; SHEDs, Stem cells populations from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.