Table 1.
Mean scores and standard deviations of all assessment tools
| Domains (N = 47) |
Pre-training | 2 weeks post-training | 6 weeks post-training | Mean difference pre-training and 6 weeks post-training | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | 95%CI | p-value | |
| Parent and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS) | |||||||||
| PAFAS Parenting skill | |||||||||
| Parental consistency | 5.97 | 1.64 | 4.91 | 1.76 | 5.72 | 1.69 | -0.18 | -1.17 to 0.68 | 0.597 |
| Coercive parenting | 5.03 | 2.46 | 4.43 | 2.40 | 3.14 | 1.62 | -1.93 | -3.02 to -0.84 | 0.001 |
| Positive Encouragement | 2.07 | 1.81 | 1.89 | 1.97 | 1.21 | 1.63 | -0.86 | -1.35 to -0.38 | 0.001 |
| Parent-child relationship | 2.48 | 2.25 | 1.96 | 2.38 | 1.45 | 2.01 | -1.03 | -1.86 to -0.21 | 0.016 |
| PAFAS Family adjustment | |||||||||
| Parental adjustment | 3.86 | 1.87 | 2.96 | 2.16 | 2.62 | 1.71 | -1.24 | -2.10 to -0.38 | 0.006 |
| Family relationships | 1.72 | 1.33 | 1.50 | 1.67 | 0.90 | 1.50 | -0.83 | -1.50 to -0.15 | 0.018 |
| Parental teamwork | 2.28 | 1.62 | 2.24 | 1.68 | 0.45 | 0.18 | -1.89 | -2.66 to -1.13 | < 0.001 |
| Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) | |||||||||
| Emotional behavior | 2.57 | 2.22 | 1.98 | 1.89 | 1.32 | 2.21 | -1.26 | -1.73 to -0.78 | < 0.001 |
| Conduct behavior | 1.98 | 2.03 | 1.98 | 1.76 | 1.23 | 2.06 | -0.74 | -1.13 to -0.36 | < 0.001 |
| Restless behavior | 3.47 | 2.35 | 3.30 | 2.30 | 1.89 | 2.55 | -1.57 | -2.30 to -0.85 | < 0.001 |
| Peer relationship | 2.85 | 1.41 | 2.64 | 1.48 | 2.66 | 1.27 | -0.19 | -0.50 to 0.12 | 0.220 |
| Social relationship | 6.23 | 2.45 | 6.72 | 2.32 | 7.57 | 2.72 | 1.34 | 0.80 to 1.89 | < 0.001 |
| Child & Youth Resilience Measure-Revised Person Most Knowledgeable version (PMK-CYRM-R) | |||||||||
| Child and Youth Resilience | 69.79 | 8.75 | 70.98 | 8.46 | 76.19 | 10.09 | 6.40 | 4.13 to 8.68 | < 0.001 |
Abbreviation: confidence interval, CI; mean difference, MD; standard deviation, SD