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. 2025 Oct 17;5:424. doi: 10.1038/s43856-025-01123-y

Table 2.

Associations of sex specific HFF quartiles with carotid wall volume (mm3) in the CAHHM cohort

Carotid Wall Volume, mm3 in Hepatic Fat Quartiles
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 P-trend
Overall (n = 5546)
N 1415 1388 1399 1344
No fixed covariates 903.2 (882.9, 923.5) 905.3 (884.9, 925.7) 911.8 (891.5, 932.1) 908.0 (887.6, 928.4) 0.29
Minimally adjusted 903.3 (881.8, 924.8) 900.6 (879.0, 922.1) 908.4 (886.9, 929.8) 905.2 (883.7, 926.7) 0.45
+ IHRS 904.0 (882.7, 925.3) 901.2 (879.8, 922.5) 908.0 (886.7, 929.3) 903.3 (881.8, 924.8) 0.81
+VAT 907.2 (885.4, 929.0) 903.2 (881.4, 924.9) 907.6 (886.0, 929.2) 899.0 (876.9, 921.1) 0.36
Minimal + IHRS without WHR 903.5 (882.1, 924.9) 900.7 (879.3, 922.2) 908.1 (886.8, 929.5) 904.4 (882.8, 925.9) 0.59
Females (N = 3054)
N 791 758 777 728
No fixed covariates 841.7 (820.1, 863.4) 843.0 (821.2, 864.9) 847.4 (825.7, 869.1) 840.9 (819.1, 862.7) 0.93
Minimally adjusted 845.2 (823.7, 866.8) 843.6 (821.9, 865.3) 845.9 (824.3, 867.5) 839.9 (818.2, 861.6) 0.54
+ IHRS 846.1 (824.7, 867.4) 844.6 (823.1, 866.1) 845.9 (824.6, 867.2) 837.7 (816.1, 859.3) 0.30
+VAT 848.3 (826.7, 870.0) 846.3 (824.5, 868.0) 845.7 (824.3, 867.1) 833.9 (811.5, 856.2) 0.10
Minimal + IHRS without WHR 845.8 (824.4, 867.2) 844.3 (822.7, 865.8) 845.9 (824.5, 867.2) 838.4 (816.7, 860.0) 0.36
Males (N = 2492)
N 624 630 622 616
No fixed covariates 974.5 (952.2, 996.9) 971.2 (948.8, 993.5) 984.2 (962.0, 1007) 980.1 (957.7, 1002) 0.32
Minimally adjusted 973.7 (951.7, 995.6) 970.1 (948.2, 992.0) 983.5 (961.6, 1005) 982.0 (960.0, 1004) 0.19
+ IHRS 974.5 (952.5, 996.6) 970.7 (948.7, 992.6) 982.9 (961.1, 1005) 980.5 (958.2, 1003) 0.34
+VAT 979.0 (956.0, 1002) 972.9 (950.4, 995.5) 982.1 (959.7, 1004) 975.6 (952.2, 999.0) 0.98
Minimal + IHRS without WHR 973.7 (951.7, 995.8) 970.2 (948.2, 992.1) 983.6 (961.7, 1005) 982.1 (959.8, 1004) 0.21

Data within each cell are the adjusted least-squared means derived from a mixed model using all participants falling into that sex-specific quartile of VAT. Each mean and (95% confidence interval) is adjusted for the covariates presented in the first column. The minimally adjusted model contains a random effect for centre; as well as fixed effects for age and ethnicity. A linear contrast was used to assess the P-trend, using values of 1–4 across the quartiles. P-sex interaction > 0.41.

VAT visceral adipose tissue, IHRS INTERHEART Risk Score, HFF hepatic fat fraction, WHR waist-to-hip ratio.