Table 2.
Association between dietary carotenoids in quartiles and ARI risk in the general US population, NHANES 2003 − 2018
| Carotenoids | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Q1 | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] |
| Q2 | 0.83 (0.72 − 0.96) | 0.84 (0.72 − 0.98) | 0.88 (0.74 − 1.05) |
| Q3 | 0.75 (0.65 − 0.87) | 0.79 (0.68 − 0.91) | 0.83 (0.70 − 0.97) |
| Q4 | 0.73 (0.63 − 0.84) | 0.78 (0.68 − 0.90) | 0.85 (0.72 − 0.99) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.11 |
| (ln-transformed) | 0.89 (0.85 − 0.93) | 0.92 (0.88 − 0.96) | 0.94 (0.89 − 0.98) |
ARI Acute respiratory infection, CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, Q Quartile, Ref reference
Model 1: unadjusted
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family poverty-income ratio, body mass index, smoke exposure, and asthma
P values for trend were calculated by fitting median scores for quartiles as continuous variables in models