Table 3.
RRs (95% CIs) for single-pollutant models using time-series method for an increase in IQR.a
| All age groups
|
0–14 years
|
15–64 years
|
≥65 years
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollutants (IQR) | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male |
| NO2 (16 ppb) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 1.035 (0.971–1.104) | 0.944 (0.886–1.006) | 1.114 (0.994–1.248) | 0.955 (0.866–1.054) | 1.013 (0.893–1.150) | 0.942 (0.790–1.122) | 1.020 (0.930–1.1198) | 0.9196 (0.832–1.016) |
| Lag 2 | 1.027 (0.967–1.094) | 0.958 (0.900–1.021) | 1.107 (0.990–1.238) | 0.918 (0.833–1.012) | 1.044 (0.918–1.187) | 0.992 (0.833–1.182) | 0.987 (0.881–1.106) | 0.9620 (0.854–1.084) |
| Lag 3 | 1.036 (0.970–1.107) | 0.970 (0.909–1.036) | 1.108 (0.987–1.245) | 0.927 (0.838–1.025) | 1.121 (0.978–1.285) | 1.012 (0.841–1.216) | 0.962 (0.847–1.093) | 0.9773 (0.854–1.118) |
| SO2 (19.25 ppb) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 1.041 (0.987–1.098) | 0.953 (0.900–1.009) | 1.111 (1.011–1.221)* | 0.952 (0.874–1.037) | 1.031 (0.930–1.144) | 0.971 (0.845–1.115) | 1.030 (0.951–1.115) | 0.9409 (0.860–1.029) |
| Lag 2 | 1.041 (0.979–1.107) | 0.984 (0.925–1.048) | 1.090 (0.977–1.216) | 0.981 (0.892–1.078) | 1.068 (0.950–1.202) | 1.046 (0.898–1.218) | 1.030 (0.927–1.145) | 0.9490 (0.845–1.066) |
| Lag 3 | 1.046 (0.982–1.114) | 0.987 (0.925–1.053) | 1.066 (0.952–1.194) | 0.995 (0.904–1.096) | 1.054 (0.931–1.192) | 0.985 (0.837–1.159) | 1.074 (0.949–1.215) | 0.9561 (0.834–1.096) |
| CO (1.17 ppm) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 1.049 (0.993–1.108) | 0.989 (0.932–1.049) | 1.077 (0.979–1.184) | 1.034 (0.949–1.126) | 1.072 (0.962–1.195) | 0.994 (0.854–1.157) | 1.029 (0.947–1.118) | 0.9010 (0.817–0.994) |
| Lag 2 | 1.032 (0.993–1.188) | 0.986 (0.946–1.029) | 1.068 (1.001–1.139)* | 0.996 (0.933–1.062) | 1.025 (0.944–1.112) | 0.988 (0.884–1.104) | 1.030 (0.928–1.144) | 0.9041 (0.803–1.019) |
| Lag 3 | 1.051 (0.993–1.112) | 0.987 (0.929–1.048) | 1.100 (0.997–1.213) | 0.968 (0.881–1.064) | 1.081 (0.963–1.213) | 0.951 (0.806–1.121) | 1.013 (0.899–1.142) | 0.9632 (0.845–1.098) |
| O3 (29 ppb) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 0.947 (0.819–1.096) | 1.039 (0.923–1.170) | 1.048 (0.830–1.322) | 0.944 (0.745–1.196) | 0.817 (0.621–1.075) | 0.959 (0.661–1.393) | 0.945 (0.777–1.150) | 1.0961 (0.920–1.306) |
| Lag 2 | 1.006 (0.852–1.188) | 1.063 (0.917–1.232) | 1.084 (0.829–1.433) | 0.955 (0.731–1.246) | 0.759 (0.549–1.048) | 1.268 (0.832–1.932) | 1.008 (0.807–1.259) | 1.0624 (0.852–1.325) |
| Lag 3 | 1.043 (0.873–1.246) | 1.057 (0.891–1.254) | 1.092 (0.796–1.497) | 1.001 (0.755–1.328) | 0.893 (0.633–1.261) | 1.346 (0.851–2.128) | 0.963 (0.763–1.215) | 0.9767 (0.757–1.261) |
| PM10 (31 μg/m3) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 0.996 (0.950–1.044) | 1.008 (0.965–1.054) | 1.023 (0.948–1.104) | 0.980 (0.912–1.053) | 1.047 (0.962–1.140) | 1.096 (0.982–1.222) | 0.967 (0.900–1.040) | 1.0033 (0.934–1.078) |
| Lag 2 | 1.015 (0.963–1.069) | 1.036 (0.986–1.089) | 1.035 (0.948–1.130) | 1.001 (0.925–1.083) | 1.049 (0.946–1.163) | 1.175 (1.036–1.332)* | 0.993 (0.913–1.079) | 1.0298 (0.941–1.127) |
| Lag 3 | 1.022 (0.968–1.078) | 1.027 (0.974–1.083) | 1.047 (0.956–1.147) | 0.980 (0.901–1.065) | 1.030 (0.922–1.150) | 1.080 (0.938–1.243) | 0.998 (0.910–1.094) | 1.0768 (0.972–1.193) |
| COH (0.5) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 1.051 (0.994–1.113) | 0.977 (0.922–1.036) | 1.085 (0.986–1.195) | 1.004 (0.923–1.093) | 1.103 (0.994–1.223) | 0.955 (0.820–1.113) | 0.996 (0.912–1.088) | 0.9381 (0.852–1.033) |
| Lag 2 | 1.032 (0.982–1.086) | 0.991 (0.942–1.043) | 1.066 (0.979–1.161) | 0.980 (0.907–1.058) | 1.056 (0.958–1.164) | 0.996 (0.871–1.141) | 0.989 (0.884–1.107) | 0.9841 (0.876–1.106) |
| Lag 3 | 1.067 (1.004–1.135)* | 1.001 (0.940–1.066) | 1.094 (0.985–1.216) | 0.972 (0.884–1.070) | 1.150 (1.020–1.296)* | 0.948 (0.799–1.126) | 0.998 (0.875–1.137) | 1.0609 (0.928–1.213) |
| TRS (8 ppb) | ||||||||
| Lag 1 | 0.990 (0.939–1.038) | 0.997 (0.961–1.035) | 0.957 (0.887–1.031) | 0.993 (0.938–1.052) | 1.013 (0.942–1.090) | 0.981 (0.896–1.074) | 0.997 (0.945–1.051) | 1.0126 (0.958–1.070) |
| Lag 2 | 0.987 (0.939–1.038) | 0.999 (0.950–1.051) | 1.002 (0.913–1.100) | 0.982 (0.908–1.063) | 1.023 (0.926–1.130) | 1.015 (0.904–1.140) | 0.961 (0.892–1.034) | 1.0089 (0.9341–1.090) |
| Lag 3 | 0.976 (0.924–1.032) | 1.003 (0.949–1.060) | 1.063 (0.965–1.171) | 0.990 (0.909–1.079) | 0.980 (0.874–1.100) | 0.988 (0.866–1.128) | 0.925 (0.845–1.011) | 1.0227 (0.934–1.120) |
a
Adjusted for temperature, humidity, and change in barometric pressure.
*
Statistically significant at p < 0.05.