Table 3.

Comparison of blood VOC concentrations (ng/mL) for SHIELD children and selected adult participants (including smokers) in NHANES III.

	Meana		Median		95th Percentile
Compound	SHIELDb	NHANESc	SHIELD	NHANES	SHIELD	NHANES
Benzene	0.08	0.13	0.08	0.06	0.14	0.48
Carbon tetrachloride	0.01	ND	0.01	ND	0.01	ND
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	4.22	1.9	0.21	0.33	24.5	9.2
Ethylbenzene	0.04	0.11	0.03	0.06	0.07	0.25
Styrene	0.17	0.07	0.12	0.04	0.50	0.18
Tetrachloroethylene	0.06	0.19	0.03	0.06	0.22	0.62
Toluene	0.14	0.52	0.11	0.28	0.27	1.5
Trichloroethene	0.01	0.02	0.01	ND	0.01	0.02
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	0.03	0.34	0.03	0.13	0.03	0.80
m-/p-Xylene	0.21	0.37	0.19	0.19	0.32	0.78
o-Xylene	0.05	0.14	0.04	0.11	0.09	0.30

ND, below limit of detection.

^aArithmetic mean.

^bParticipants included 134 children with at least one blood sample in 2000 or 2001 (average values were used for children with more than one blood sample).

^cBetween 574 and 1,037 participants, depending on the VOC (from Ashley et al. 1994).