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. 2025 Oct 7;13:1607469. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

FIGURE 3.

The figure is composed of four bar graphs showing normalized fold expression of markers in 2D and 3D-like cultures. Panels A and B correspond to 2D culture, while Panels C and D correspond to 3D-like culture. Panel A displays COL2A1, ACAN, and HAS-2 expression, and Panel C shows the same markers in 3D-like culture. Panels B and D present COL1A1, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-13 expression. Differences are observed between HHA/BC and HHA/BC+PRP samples, with statistical significance indicated by symbols above the relevant bars.

Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in 2D and 3D-like in vitro cultures. (A) COL2A1, ACAN, and HAS-2 expression in 2D culture; (B) COL1A1, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-13 expression in 2D culture; (C) COL2A1, ACAN, and HAS-2 expression in 3D-like culture; (D) COL1A1, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-13 expression in 3D-like culture. Data were normalized to pathological untreated cells (pCTR). Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs. pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs. HHA/BC.