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. 2025 Oct 7;13:1607469. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

FIGURE 5.

The figure is composed of bar charts comparing pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in 2D and 3D-like cultures. Panel A presents 2D culture with cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and INF-γ measured in pCTR, HHA/BC, and HHA/BC+PRP samples. Panel B shows 3D-like culture with the same cytokines measured in HHA/BC and HHA/BC+PRP samples. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations are reported in picograms per milliliter. Differences are observed between samples across the measured cytokines. Statistical significance can be indicated by symbols above the bars where relevant.

Bioplex assay in 2D (A) and 3D-like (B) in vitro culture. Evaluation of OA-related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in supernatants (pg/mL) of pathological chondrocytes treated for 48 h and 14 days with HHA/BC or HHA/BC+PRP. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs. pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs. HHA/BC.