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. 2025 Oct 7;13:1662689. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1662689

Table 4.

Binary logistics regression: effect of socio-demographic factors on familiarity of robotic-assisted surgery.

Variable OR CI p-value
Age 18–24 1
25–34 3.744 0.233–60.077 0.351
35–44 1.117 0.073–16.988 0.937
45–54 1.859 0.125–27.689 0.653
54–64 1.174 0.080–17.143 0.907
65 and above 0.709 0.048–10.531 0.803
Gender Females 1
Males 0.689 0.466–0.889 0.02*
Nationality Non-Saudi 1
Saudi 1.751 1.159–2.644 0.008*
Region in Saudi Arabia Central 1
Eastern 1.02 0.569–1.828 0.947
Western 0.965 0.577–1.613 0.89
Northern 0.571 0.230–1.414 0.226
Southern 0.805 0.496–1.312 0.386
Marital status Divorced 1
Married 0.891 0.274–1.34 0.999
Single 1.012 2.31–0.76 0.999
Widowed 0.311 0.109–0.826 0.999
Education level Bachelor’s degree 1
Diploma 0.468 0.268–0.816 0.007*
High school or lower 0.68 0.345–1.341 0.266
Postgraduate degree 0.451 0.227–0.894 0.022*
Work field Health care field 1
Not healthcare field 0.81 0.232–1.72 0.017*
Not working 1.221 0.643–2.320 0.542
Retired 1.511 0.786–2.904 0.215
Student 0.974 0.287–3.300 0.966
Monthly Income Below 6,000 1
6,000–15,000 1.485 0.950–2.321 0.008*
Above 15,000 1.495 0.867–2.576 0.148
Technological literacy Competent 1
Literate 1.319 0.918–1.895 0.135
Illiterate 0.564 0.313–1.018 0.049*
Hours spent on an electronic device Less than 4 h 1
5–9 h 1.155 0.710–1.879 0.561
10–15 h 1.263 0.861–1.852 0.232
More than 15 h 1.96 0.847–4.533 0.116

*Denotes significant p values <0.05.