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. 2002 May 15;21(10):2312–2322. doi: 10.1093/emboj/21.10.2312

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Fig. 7. Volatile [3H]methyl group release of S9 wild-type and ΔhtpIV cells stimulated with quarternary amines. Assay conditions were as in Figure 4B. (A) Stimulation of wild-type cells with either glycine betaine, choline or carnitine at 5 mM. (B) Cells were stimulated with a mix of the three quaternary amines at 5 mM each.