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. 2025 Oct 7;16:1677883. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1677883

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Copyright © 2025 Liu, Qiao, Qiang, Zhang, Tian, Gu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Box plot displaying Moran's I values for soybean, Ambrosia trifida L. seeds, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. seeds across eighteen experiments. Red represents soybeans, blue represents Ambrosia trifida, and yellow represents Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Each box plot includes outliers and represents data distribution per experiment on the x-axis, with Moran's I values on the y-axis. — Box plots of Moran’s I coefficients for each experimental group.