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. 2025 Oct 7;16:1677883. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1677883

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Copyright © 2025 Liu, Qiao, Qiang, Zhang, Tian, Gu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two line graphs labeled A and B demonstrate variations in mean and S/N ratio across different factors: forms of seed socket arrangement, seed spreading roller speed, conveyor motor speed, seed box inclination, seed drop chute inclination, and conveyor belt type. Graph A shows mean values with fluctuating trends, peaking significantly at certain points. Graph B indicates S/N ratio values with similar fluctuating trends, also peaking at certain points, especially for seed spreading roller speed and belt type. — (A) Mean and (B) S/N plots of Moran’s I coefficient.