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. 2025 Oct 7;16:1677883. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1677883

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Copyright © 2025 Liu, Qiao, Qiang, Zhang, Tian, Gu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Three line graphs labeled A, B, and C compare performance metrics across epochs for different YOLO models: YOLOv5s, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8n, and YOLOv8n_P2. Graph A shows mAP@0.5, Graph B shows recall, and Graph C shows precision, with all models converging towards high performance. — Plots of P, R and mAP variations for different models.