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. 2025 Oct 7;16:1677883. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1677883

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Copyright © 2025 Liu, Qiao, Qiang, Zhang, Tian, Gu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram A shows a seed disbursement machine with labeled components: seed-feeding box, curved plate of the seed guard, seed spreading roller, seed drop chute, and deflector partition. Diagram B illustrates the machine's right side with a detection camera, stepper motor, drive belt, and conveyor belt. — Schematic (A) and photograph (B) of single-seed uniform distribution and spreading device.