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. 2025 Oct 7;16:1677883. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1677883

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Copyright © 2025 Liu, Qiao, Qiang, Zhang, Tian, Gu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram featuring a seed spreading roller, a seed tray, and a detailed view of a parabolic seed socket. The roller has a textured cylindrical shape. The seed tray is circular with grooves. The inset shows a cross-sectional diagram of the seed socket with labeled dimensions and angles, illustrating its parabolic design. — Seed spreading roller with parabolic seed socket.