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. 2025 May 17;27(11):1963–1974. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaf100

Table 2.

EMModerated Multi-Level Mediation Models With Each Candidate Mediator

DV: next-day cigarettes per day
Mediator
Craving Negative affect Satisfaction Reward Aversion
Intercept (m) 0.25 (0.18) 0.12 (0.19) 0.16* (0.10) 0.52** (0.22) −0.02 (0.08)
Intercept (y) 15.92*** (1.30) 16.09*** (1.31) 14.17*** (0.67) 15.58*** (1.32) 14.29*** (0.66)
A-Path (Female) −0.13 (0.11) −0.01 (0.12) −0.16 (0.14) −0.26 (0.14) 0.13 (0.12)
A-Path (Male) 0.22 (0.27) 0.18 (0.31) 0.02 (0.15) 0.12 (0.34) 0.0003 (0.13)
Sex −0.36 (0.26) −0.38 (0.30) −0.29** (0.15) −0.56* (0.33) 0.01 (0.13)
B-Path (Female) 0.60*** (0.06) 0.08 (0.07) 1.08*** (0.10) 0.72*** (0.10) 0.42*** (0.07)
B-Path (Male) 0.37* (0.18) −0.19 (0.26) 0.89*** (0.14) 1.03*** (0.32) −0.06 (0.10)
Sex 2.25*** (0.79) 2.31*** (0.80) 2.42*** (0.80) 2.44*** (0.81) 2.21*** (0.80)
C’ (direct effect) −1.77** (0.79) −1.87** (0.79) −1.54* (0.80) −1.46* (0.80) −1.55** (0.79)
Sex* A-Path 0.17 (0.17) 0.09 (0.19) 0.18 (0.21) 0.19 (0.21) −0.12 (0.18)
Sex* B-Path −0.11 (0.11) −0.13 (0.14) −0.19 (0.17) 0.16 (0.18) 0.36*** (0.12)
A*B (indirect effect; Female) −0.08 (−0.21, 0.05) 0.01 (−0.02, 0.02) −0.17 (−0.48, 0.10) −0.19 (−0.40, 0.006) 0.05 (−0.04, 0.16)
A*B (indirect effect; Male) 0.08 (−0.13, 0.36) −0.03 (−0.30, 0.16) 0.02 (−0.25, 0.29) 0.12 (−0.58, 0.89) 0 (−0.10, 0.10)
Index of moderated mediation 0.15 (−0.08, 0.47) −0.01 (−0.30, 0.16) 0.19 (−0.21, 0.59) 0.30 (−0.43, 1.12) −0.05 (−0.17, 0.05)

*p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001; data is effect (se) or effect (95% CI).

a-path is treatment group→ mediator, b- path is mediator→ CPD, direct effect is treatment group→ outcome, controlling for indirect effect.

Intraclass coefficients computed from intercept only models: craving (0.51); negative affect (0.61); satisfaction (0.79); reward (0.80); aversion (0.63); cigarettes per day (0.84).

Output reflects results of multi-level 1-1-1 within-person moderated mediation model with slope coefficients depicted at each level of the moderator for a-path and b-path.

Index of moderated mediation represents the difference between the indirect effect at each value of each moderator.

Each mediator was assessed in a separate model.

Bolded cells are significant below the .05 level. Italicized b-path reflects that b-path remained significant after controlling for same-day smoking.