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. 2025 Jul 16;10(10):3369–3378. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2025.07.004

Table 2.

Cox proportional hazard models of CKD progression

Variable Model 0 (AIC 4063)
Model 1 (AIC 4058)
Hazard ratio 95% CI P-value Hazard ratio 95% CI P-value
Sex (female) 1.07 0.87 1.32 0.51 1.05 0.85 1.30 0.65
Age (yrs) 1.06 1.02 1.09 < 0.001 1.05 1.02 1.09 < 0.001
Glomerulopathies 1.64 1.16 2.32 0.005 1.53 1.08 2.18 0.02
log uPCR 1.51 1.39 1.66 < 0.001 1.50 1.37 1.64 < 0.001
Systolic BP SDS 1.11 1.04 1.20 0.003 1.10 1.03 1.19 0.007
log eGFR 0.14 0.11 0.19 < 0.001 0.17 0.12 0.23 < 0.001
log GDF-15 - - - - 1.40 1.10 1.77 0.006

AIC, Akaike information criterion; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor 15; SDS, SD score; uPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio.

n = 667; reference for glomerulopathies: other diagnoses.