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. 2025 Oct 23;15:37156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22295-6

Table 2.

System suitability parameters for PHE, DOX and DOX DEG in the proposed methods.

Parameters HPLC method HPTLC method Reference value
PHE DOX DOX DEG DOX PHE DOX DEG
Retention time (Rt) 2.79 min 5.41 min 6.45 min - -
Retardation factor (Rf) - 0.31 0.64 0.78 -
Resolution (Rs)  - 7.68 6.03 - 7.42 3.16 > 1.5
Capacity factor (K) 1.79 4.41 5.46 2.22 0.56 0.28 0–10
Tailing factor (T) 0.95 1.02 0.96 0.95 1.17 1.07 ≤ 2
Selectivity (α) - 2.46 1.23 - 3.96 2 > 1
Number of theoretical Plate (N) 2483 17,039 22,390 - > 2000
Height equivalent to theoretical plate (HETP) 0.10068 0.07096 0.04577 - The smaller the value, the higher the column efficiency