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. 2025 Sep 4;6(1):100936. doi: 10.1016/j.xops.2025.100936

Table 2.

Changes of Ocular and ONH Characteristics over Time, Generalized Linear Mixed-Effect Model Analysis

Characteristics Baseline Last ATOM2 Visit ATLAS Recall Estimate Standard Error P Value
Ocular Characteristics
 Spherical equivalent refraction, D –4.54 ± 1.64 –6.35 ± 2.02 –6.88 ± 2.40 –0.1413 0.006 <0.0001
 Axial length, mm 25.08 ± 0.89 25.93 ± 1.01 26.31 ± 1.17 0.076 0.002 <0.0001
ONH characteristics
 Ovality 1.26 ± 0.13 1.30 ± 0.14 1.27 ± 0.14 0.000 0.000 0.260
 PPA ratio 0.19 ± 0.11 0.24 ± 0.13 0.31 ± 0.15 0.007 0.000 <0.0001
 Torsion angle, degree 11.23 ± 11.42 11.39 ± 11.53 12.2 ± 12.57 0.071 0.035 0.043
 Disc–fovea distance ratio 2.75 ± 0.33 2.75 ± 0.31 2.78 ± 0.35 0.002 0.001 0.016
 Position of CRVT 1.62 ± 0.22 1.64 ± 0.36 2.23 ± 0.5 0.044 0.002 <0.0001
 VDA ratio 3.73 ± 0.82 3.68 ± 0.8 3.74 ± 0.85 0.001 0.001 0.180
 Angle kappa, degree 66.20 ± 10.68 65.75 ± 10.4 65.81 ± 10.88 –0.016 0.011 0.150

ATLAS = Atropine Treatment Long-Term Assessment Study; ATOM2 = Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2; CRVT = central retinal vascular trunk; D = diopters; ONH = optic nerve head; PPA = peripapillary atrophy; VDA = vertical arcade distance.

Bold values indicate statistical significant.