Table 3.
Comparative outcomes of estrus synchronization protocols in small ruminants.
| Protocol | Treatment scheme | Estrus rate (%) | Pregnancy rate (%) | Twinning rate (%) | Cost-effectiveness | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I | Conventional progestogen-based protocol | – | – | – | Lower | (19) |
| Group II | 11-day FGA + PGF2α on day 9 + 330 IU PMSG at removal | >80 | Highest | ~70 | Most cost-effective | (19) |
| Group III | Alternative synchronization schemes | – | – | – | Moderate | (19) |
| 300 IU PMSG | Standardized dose for induction | Effective | Stable | Moderate | Economical | (20) |
| Ovsynch protocol | Timed insemination, GnRH + PGF2α regimen | Comparable | No significant difference vs. progestogen | – | Easy to implement | (34) |