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. 2025 Oct 24;26:586. doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04452-1

Table 3.

CKDUA cohort split according to possible underlying aetiology

Variable True CKDUA (216) CKD of possible hypertensive/ diabetic aetiology (H/D CKD) (182) P-value
Age, years 71.3 (61.8–77.8) 72.0 (63.2–79.3) 0.267
Male 130 (60.2) 109 (59.9) 0.952
White 208 (96.3) 175 (96.2) 0.941
BMI, kg/m2 26.3 (23.2–31.6) 29.2 (26.0-33.9) < 0.001
SBP, mmHg 139.5 (125–150) 140 (125-156.5) 0.207
DBP, mmHg 75 (68–80) 70 (65–80) 0.215
Hypertension 166 (76.9) 175 (96.2) < 0.001
Diabetes 18 (8.3) 47 (25.8) < 0.001
Angina 46 (21.3) 28 (15.4) 0.131
MI 30 (13.9) 21 (11.5) 0.485
CCF 35 (16.2) 32 (17.6) 0.714
CVA 12 (5.6) 13 (7.1) 0.516
PVD 22 (10.2) 25 (13.7) 0.274
Cancer 34 (15.7) 23 (12.6) 0.379
Liver disease 3 (1.4) 6 (3.3) 0.202
COPD 41 (19.0) 36 (19.8) 0.841
ACEi/ARB 80 (40.4) 119 (67.2) < 0.001
Statin 93 (47) 103 (58.2) 0.03
Creatinine, µmol/L 173 (129–256) 171 (132–236) 0.879
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 31 (20–43) 30 (21–45) 0.998
Annual rate of change of eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2/year -0.72 (-2.65 to 1.01) − 0.76 (-2.1 to 1.10) 0.641
uPCR, g/mol 18.6 (10.2–56.4) 20.8 (10.4–66.3) 0.586
Albumin, g/L 43 (41–45) 43 (41–45) 0.265
Hb, g/L 123 (111–132) 121 (112–134) 0.410
Calcium, mmol/L 2.32 (2.22–2.41) 2.28 (2.19–2.37) 0.019
Phosphate, mmol/L 1.10 (0.98–1.27) 1.10 (0.96–1.26) 0.482
C3, g/L 1.18 (0.95–1.37) 1.22 (1.09–1.42) 0.044
C4, g/L 0.25 (0.20–0.31) 0.25 (0.20–0.31) 0.865

CTD screen

abnormality

35 (21.5) 41 (29.9) 0.094

Serum electrophoresis

abnormality

13 (6.0) 12 (6.6) 0.754
Positive family history 4 (1.9) 0 (0) 0.065
Renal cysts on imaging 57 (36.8) 55 (42) 0.368
Right kidney size, cm 9.6 (8.8–10.5) 9.9 (9.0-10.5) 0.328
Left kidney size, cm 9.6 (8.7–10.5) 10.0 (9.3–10.9) 0.026
RRT 31 (14.4) 25 (13.7) 0.846
5 year RRT rate 25 (11.6) 21v(11.5) 0.991
Mortality 109 (50.5) 111 (61) 0.035
5 year mortality rate 58 (26.9) 69 (37.9) 0.018

Follow up duration,

months

47 (22–83) 43 (20–79) 0.719

ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CCF, congestive cardiac failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTD, connective tissue disease screen; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, haemoglobin; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SBP, systolic blood pressure

Categorical values presented as number (percentage), continuous variables as median (interquartile ran