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. 2025 Oct 24;15:37219. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21155-7

Table 1.

Parameter setting of golden needle mushroom discrete element simulation.

Parameters Value
Poisson’s ratio for golden needle mushrooms 0.2996
White steel cutter Poisson’s ratio 0.3
golden needle mushroom shear modulus/Pa 9.59 × 106
White steel cutter shear modulus/Pa 7 × 1010
Density of golden needle mushrooms/(kg-m-3) 772.97
Density of white steel knives/(kg-m-3) 7850
golden needle mushroom - golden needle mushroom Collision Recovery Coefficient 0.513
Golden Needle-White Steel cutter Collision Recovery Coefficient 0.38
golden needle mushroom - Coefficient of static friction of golden needle mushroom 0.198
Coefficient of static friction of gold-needle mushroom-white steel cutter 0.82
Agaricus blazei - Agaricus blazei coefficient of kinetic friction 0.072
Coefficient of kinetic friction of gold-needle mushroom-white steel cutter 0.002
Normal contact stiffness/N-m-1 3.70 × 108
Tangential contact stiffness/N-m-1 2.51 × 108
Critical normal stress/Pa 9.0 × 106
Critical tangential stress/Pa 9.0 × 106