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. 2025 Oct 24;15:37219. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21155-7

Table 9.

Results of cutting force comparison test.

Maximum values Minimum value Standard deviation Coefficient of variation Average value
Cutting force required for a normal flat cutter/N 149.2 142.2 2.91 0.02 146.2
Cutting force required for new slip angle cutter/N 91.7 86.2 2.39 0.02 88.5