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. 2025 Oct 24;15:37263. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21278-x

Table 3.

Antimicrobial activity of H. cordata essential oil against microorganisms.

Test strains DMSO Ampicillin H. cordata essential oil
(mm)* (mm)* (mm)* MIC
(µg/mL)
MBC/MFC
(µg/mL)
Staphylococcus aureus ND 26.9 ± 0.2a 15.9 ± 0.9b 3.125 6.25
Staphylococcus epidermidis ND 12.1 ± 3.3a 15.5 ± 0.4a 12.5 25.0
Cutibacterium acnes ND 24.1 ± 3.0a 11.6 ± 0.6b 12.5 25.0
Candida albicans ND 10.3 ± 0.6b 16.0 ± 1.6a 3.125 6.25

*Inhibition zone, values are means of triplicate determination (n = 3) ± standard deviations; ND, no zone of inhibition was detected. Different letters indicate a significant difference in the clear zone diameter between Ampicillin and the H. cordata essential oil at a significance level of p < 0.05.