Table I. Clinical and pathological characteristics of breast tissues.
| Normal | Carcinoma |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | In situ | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | ||
| Pin1 positive | 0/10a | 38/51 (75%) | 1/4 (25%) | 20/28 (71%) | 17/19 (89%) |
| x̄ ± SD | 0.114 ± 0.106 | 1.072 ± 0.719 | 0.564 ± 0.948 | 0.924 ± 0.609 | 1.399 ± 0.717 |
| Cyclin D1 | 0/10 | 24/51 (47%) | 2/4 (50%) | 10/28 (36%) | 12/19 (63%) |
| HER2/neu | 0/10 | 8/51 (16%) | 0/4 (0%) | 4/28 (14%) | 4/19 (21%) |
| Estrogen receptor | N.D.b | 34/50c (68%) | 3/4 (75%) | 20/28 (71%) | 11/18 (61%) |
| Age median (range) | 57 (22–91) | 65 (28–90) | 72 (43–80) | 65 (31–90) | 60 (28–78) |
Tumors were pathologically classified into ductal carcinoma in situ (in situ) and invasive grade 2 and 3 carcinoma, according to the criteria of Bloom and Richardson. Levels of Pin1 in tissues were determined by immunoblotting analysis and semi-quantified using Imagequant, with the results being expressed as Pin1/actin ratio. Pin1 was defined positive when the Pin1/actin ratio was higher than the mean plus three times the standard deviation (x̄ ± 3 SD) of normal controls. Cyclin D1 and HER2/neu were determined by immunoblotting and categorized as either positive or negative by the presence or absence of the respective proteins. Estrogen receptor was defined positive when its levels were >10 fmol/l, as determined by radioimmunoassay.
aNumber of cases examined.
bEstrogen receptors in controls not determined.
cEstrogen receptor determination on one patient not available.