Table 2. Characteristics of the resistive sprint training programs.
| Study | Group | Training programme | Agility or COD test (s) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training modality | Load | Session volume |
Total volume | Length (weeks) | frequency (per week) | Total sessions (n) | Session duration (min) | |||
| Carlos-Vivas et al. (2020) | HRS vs. VRS vs. CRS vs. URS |
1080 Sprint™, weighted vest | 10–20% BM | 400 m | 6,400 m | 8 | 2 | 16 | 30 | Zig-zag 20-m test |
| De Hoyo et al. (2016) | HRS vs. RT vs. URP / PT |
Sled towing | 12.6% BM 40–60% 1RM 0% |
HRS: 20 m × 6–10 reps, 120–200 m RT: 4–8 reps ×2-3 sets PT: 2–3 reps × 1–3 sets |
2,680 m | 8 | 1–2 | 16 | 60 30 30 |
Zig-zag 20-m test |
| McMorrow, Ditroilo & Egan (2019) | HRS vs. URS | Sled towing | 30% BM 0% |
100–180 m | 800 m | 6 | 1 | 8 | 45 | S180° test |
| Sal-de-Rellan et al. (2024) | CRS vs. FT | Sled + weighted vest | 13% BM | 120–300 m | 2,520 m | 6 | 2 | 12 | 15 | Arrowhead COD test, 15m-AG-B, Zig-zag-B, T-test, Illinois agility test, NMAT |
| Grazioli et al. (2023) | HRS-M vs. HRS-H | Sled | 15% VL 40% VL |
4–6 reps × 1-4 sets | 4,765.2 ± 514.1 m, 4,924.9 ± 204.7 m |
8 | 1–2 | 8–16 | 15 | Zig-zag 20-m test |
| Shalfawi et al. (2013) | HRAS vs. SQ | Resistance band | Variable | 160–200 m | 1,840 m | 10 | 2 | 20 | 60 | S180° agility test |
| Gil et al. (2018) | HRS vs. URS | Elastic cords and sheaves | 10% VL 0% |
NR | 800 m | 6 | 2 | 12 | 60 | Zig-zag 20-m test |
| Otero-Esquina et al. (2017) | HRS vs. CG | Sled towing | 20% BM | 20 m × 3–5 reps, 60–100 m | 560 m | 7 | 1–2 | 7–14 | 60–90 | V-cut test |
| Pareja-Blanco, Asian-Clemente & Saez de Villarreal (2021) | HRS-H vs. HRS-L vs. SQ vs. SQ + HRS-H vs. SQ + HRS-L vs. CG |
Sled towing | 12.5% BM 80% BM 40–55% 1RM |
HRS: 20 m × 4–7 reps, 120–200 m SQ: 4–8 reps ×3 sets |
880 m | 8 | 1 | 8 | 30–45 | 20-m sprint with a 180° COD test |
| Rodriguez-Osorio, Gonzalo-Skok & Pareja-Blanco (2019) | VRCOD-M vs. VRCOD-L vs. URCOD | Weighted vest | 12.5% BM 50% BM |
V-cut training × 3–5 reps | NR | 6 | 2 | 12 | 20 | V-cut test, L-run test |
| Loturco et al. (2017) | HRS vs. URP / PT |
Sled towing | 5%, 12.5%, 20% BM OPL |
20–30 m × 6–8 reps, 150–180 m 6 reps × 6–8 sets, 36–48 reps (50% HJ+50% CMJ) |
1,920 m 504 reps |
5 | 2–3 | 12 | 60 | Zig-zag 20-m test |
| Raya-González et al. (2017) | VRS vs. RT | Weighted vest | 15–50% BM | LS: 3 reps × 2–4 sets CODS: 15 reps × 3 sets RT: 6-8 reps × 4 sets | NR | 6 | 2 | 12 | Various | 90° COD |
| Simpson et al. (2020) | VRS vs. CG | Weighted vest | ∼8% BM | 8 h | NR | 6 | 3 | 18 | NR | T-test |
Notes.
- NR
- not reported
- CG
- control group
- RCT
- randomized controlled trial
- HRS
- horizontally resisted sprint
- VRS
- vertically resisted sprint
- CRS
- combined horizontally and vertically resisted sprint
- HRAS
- horizontally resisted agility and sprint
- URS
- unresisted sprint training
- RT
- resistance training
- CRT
- combined resistance training
- FT
- functional training
- URP/PT
- unresisted plyometric training
- Load: L
- Light-load
- M
- Moderate-load
- H
- Heavy-load
- 1080 Sprint
- 1080 Sprint™ device
- WV
- weighted vest
- BM
- body mass
- 1RM
- one repetition maximum
- BW
- body weight
- VL
- velocity loss
- reps
- repetitions
- S180° test
- sprint 9-3-6-39 m with 180° turns test
- 15m-AG-B
- Agility test 15-m ball dribbling
- Zig-zag-B
- Zig-zag agility tests with ball
- NMAT
- New multi-change of direction agility
- URCOD
- unresisted change of direction and sprint training
- VRCOD
- vertically resisted change of direction and sprint training