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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Oct 27.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2025 Jul 24;33(5):448–458. doi: 10.1037/pha0000788

Table 2.

Change in Substance Use Outcomes for Full Sample and Problematic Substance Use-Based Groups.

Problematic Substance Use
Full Sample
N = 201
Past
n = 52
Present
n = 18
No
n = 131

Change in substance use rating, n (%)
Strong positive – desirable 50 (24.9%) 24 (46.2%) 3 (16.7%) 23 (17.6%)
Moderate positive - desirable 30 (14.9%) 12 (23.1%) 3 (16.7%) 15 (11.5%)
Slight positive – desirable 30 (14.9%) 5 (9.6%) 6 (33.3%) 19 (14.5%)
No change 52 (25.9%) 9 (17.3%) 5 (27.8%) 38 (29.0%)
Slight negative – undesirable 2 (1.0%) - 1 (5.6%) 1 (0.8%)
Moderate negative –undesirable - - - -
Strong negative – undesirable - - - -
N/A not using substances 37 (18.4%) 2 (3.8%) - 35 (26.7%)
Change in substance use rating, M (SD) 1.45 (1.25) 2.02 (1.15) 1.11 (1.18) 1.22 (1.23)
Other psychedelics use, n (%)
No prior, No after 112 (55.7%) 27 (51.9%) 6 (33.3%) 79 (60.3%)
Yes prior, No after 45 (22.4%) 14 (26.9%) 3 (16.7%) 28 (21.4%)
Yes prior, Yes after 29 (14.4%) 9 (17.3%) 6 (33.3%) 14 (10.7%)
No prior, Yes after 9 (4.5%) 1 (1.9%) 3 (16.7%) 5 (3.8%)
Not sure prior (1 no post, 1 yes post) 2 (1.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.5%)
Prefer not to say (3 at post, 1 at prior) 4 (2.0%) 1 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.3%)

Note. Percentages refer to columns and may not add up to 100 due to rounding.