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. 2025 Oct 13;13:1654582. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1654582

Table 6.

A comparison of mean positive emotion scores before and after art therapy.

Positive emotion mean scores of children (n = 24) Mean ± Z score p value
Before the 1st session 7.15 ± 2 −4.035 0.00
After the 1st session 8.8 ± 1.4
Before the 2nd session 7.3 ± 1.6 −4.333 0.00
After the 2nd session 9.07 ± 1.343
Before the 3rd session 7.56 ± 1.737 −3.888 0.00
After the 3rd session 8.90 ± 1.4
Before the 4th session 7.04 ± 1.68 −4.143 0.00
After the 4th session 9.01 ± 1.14
Positive emotion mean scores of parents
Before the 1st session 6.41 ± 1.5 −11.507b 0.00
After the 1st session 8.32 ± 1.53
Before the 2nd session 6.54 ± 1.88 −3.850 0.00
After the 2nd session 8.15 ± 0.9
Before the 3rd session 7.49 ± 2.2 −3.672 0.00
After the 3rd session 8.61 ± 1.1
Before the 4th session 7.12 ± 1.67 −4.233 0.00
After the 4th session 8.92 ± 1.58

*p < 0.05. **Wilcoxon test was applied.