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. 2025 Oct 13;12:1655302. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1655302

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Copyright © 2025 Su, Chen, Wang, Song, Xu, Lin and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two line graphs depict decision curve analyses for training (left) and test sets (right). Both graphs plot net benefit against threshold probability, with curves for Treat All, Treat None, Clinical, Image, and Combined strategies. The Combined strategy shows higher net benefit compared to others across most probabilities. — DCA of clinical, image-based, and combined models for predicting poor scar treatment outcomes. (A) DCA curves in the training cohort show that the combined model consistently yields the highest net benefit across a range of clinically relevant threshold probabilities compared to the clinical and image models. (B) Similar findings are observed in the test cohort, with the combined model offering superior clinical utility.