Table 11.
Clinical studies in glioblastoma.
| Patient group | Treatment | Participants (n) | Trial, ID | Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent glioblastoma | Nivolumab + ipilimumab | 40 (NIVO1+IPI31=10, NIVO3+IPI12=20) |
Phase 1, NCT02017717 |
ORR: 0% | 10% Median PFS: 1.5 months | 2.1 months Median OS: 9.2 months | 7.3 months Grade 3–4 AEs: 90% | 30% |
Omuro et al., 2018 (140) |
| Recurrent glioblastoma | Intracerebral nivolumab + ipilimumab | 27 | Phase 1, NCT03233152 |
Median PFS: 2.7 months Median OS: 8.7 months 6 months OS rate: 74.1% 12 months OS rate: 40.7% 24 months OS rate: 27% |
Duerinck et al., 2021 (141) |
| Newly diagnosed glioblastoma | Nivolumab + ipilimumab | 15 | Phase 1, NCT03425292 |
Median PFS: 1.3 months Median OS: 19.3 months Grade 3–4 AE: 9% |
Kesari et al., 2024 (142) |
1Nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg.
2Nivolumab 3 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg.
AE, adverse event; ORR, objective response rate; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.