Table 2.

Evidence sources underpinning the integrated holistic diabetes care model for people experiencing homelessness (IHD-CMPH).

IHD-CMPH domain	Supported by survey analytics (quantitative predictors)	Supported by thematic analysis (qualitative data)	Supported primarily by literature/references
Clinical and service delivery solutions	Frequent service contact reduced perceived management difficulty; outreach effectiveness associated with better outcomes	Themes of fragmentation, inflexible appointments, and lack of access to screening	Reinforced by international evidence on outreach/mobile clinics
Organisational integration and social support	Clear organisational policy and cross-sector collaboration associated with better perceived outcomes (univariate)	Barriers included unstable housing, food insecurity, lack of coordination	Supported by NHS inclusion health frameworks and housing-linked care models
Training and provider empowerment	Outreach-specific training and peer support independently predicted preparedness and outcomes	Calls for blended, trauma-informed, practice-focused training	Supported by evidence on interdisciplinary and peer-mentor models
Digital access, monitoring and improvement	Not directly measured	Limited mention in qualitative responses (digital exclusion)	Strongly evidenced by literature on digital health equity and connectivity