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. 2025 Aug 22;4(6):100423. doi: 10.1016/j.focus.2025.100423

Table 3.

The Association of SARS-CoV-2 Serology Test Result With COVID-19 Vaccination.

Variable Univariate HR (95% CI) Adjusted HR (95% CI)
Negative serology 1.57 (1.44, 1.71) 1.58 (1.45, 1.72)
Age, years
 18–29 ref ref
 30–39 1.09 (0.92, 1.28) 1.07 (0.91, 1.26)
 40–49 1.17 (1.00, 1.36) 1.16 (0.99, 1.36)
 50–64 1.23 (1.06, 1.43) 1.25 (1.08, 1.45)
 65–74 1.43 (1.20, 1.69) 1.47 (1.24, 1.75)
 75–84 1.37 (1.10, 1.70) 1.47 (1.17, 1.84)
 ≥85 1.26 (0.84, 1.87) 1.34 (0.89, 2.02)
Sex
 Male ref ref
 Female 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) 1.01 (0.94, 1.09)
Race/ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic White ref ref
 Hispanic 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) 0.94 (0.86, 1.04)
 Non-Hispanic Black 1.26 (1.07, 1.47) 1.32 (1.13, 1.54)
 Other/mixed 1.01 (0.89, 1.16) 1.07 (0.93, 1.23)
 Unknown 1.00 (0.83, 1.21) 1.05 (0.87, 1.27)
Tobacco use
 No ref ref
 Yes 0.82 (0.68, 0.99) 0.79 (0.66, 0.96)
Immunosuppressive conditions
 No ref ref
 Yes 1.08 (0.93, 1.27) 1.04 (0.88, 1.23)
Elixhauser score 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) 0.98 (0.96, 1.01)

HR, hazard ratio.