Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study participants (N=952).

Variables	Survived (n=859)	Died (n=93)	P value
Hospitalization (days)	14.3±7.6	14.4±7.7	0.53
Preoperative variables
Age (years)	50.7±11.9	54.2±13.3	0.02
Male	616 (71.7)	65 (69.9)	0.71
EuroSCORE II (%)	6.3±2.8	8.2±3.3	0.042
History of surgery	145 (16.9)	18 (19.4)	0.75
History of CHD	72 (8.4)	8 (8.6)	>0.99
Hypertension	620 (72.2)	65 (69.9)	0.74
Diabetes	41 (4.8)	5 (5.4)	0.82
Hyperlipidemia	332 (38.6)	39 (41.9)	0.75
History of COPD	9 (1.0)	2 (2.2)	0.58
History of CRF	15 (1.7)	5 (5.4)	0.06
Smoking	354 (41.2)	31 (33.3)	0.28
Total albumin (g/L)	36.9±10.9	38.1±20.1	0.60
AST (U/L)	45.6±88.9	54.3±95.1	0.63
ALT (U/L)	39.5±92.2	45.0±83.7	0.73
Cr (μmol/L)	115.9±61.5	127.7±121.7	0.12
BUN (mmol/L)	9.9±9.2	9.5±3.5	0.67
Intraoperative variables
CPBT (min)	65.2±36.6	78.7±54.5	0.003
ACCT (min)	109.4±44.7	112.4±41.7	0.68
Postoperative variables
Post-op kidney dysfunction	206 (24.0)	38 (40.9)	0.002
Post-op liver dysfunction	21 (2.4)	5 (5.4)	0.24
Cerebrovascular accident	9 (1.0)	6 (6.5)	0.01
Albumin (g/L)	34.4±5.3	33.1±6.2	0.054
Creatinine (μmol/L)	129.6±69.9	139.1±71.7	0.22
BUN (mmol/L)	11.2±7.8	11.4±3.9	0.59

Data are presented as No. (%) or mean ± standard deviation. ACCT, aortic cross-clamp time; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPBT, cardiopulmonary bypass time; Cr, blood creatinine; CRF, chronic renal failure; EuroSCORE, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation.