Table 2.

Risk factor analysis for persistent newly developed symptoms (GEE model). Presence/absence of persistent symptoms was considered as the binary outcome, with the subject effect incorporated in the model to account for dependence between observations. Visits 5–9 of CON-VINCE were considered, with the number of complete cases, n = 3,355 from 559 individuals. More details on the predictor variables used in the GEE model are provided in Supplementary Table 4.

Parameter	Odds ratio (OR)	Standard error (SE)	95% confidence interval (CI)	z-value	p-value
SARS-CoV-2 infection-No [reference]	1.000
SARS-CoV-2 infection-Yes	2.065	0.225	[1.669; 2.556]	6.666	< 0.001
BRS score (resilience)	0.581	0.043	[0.503; 0.671]	-7.401	< 0.001
UCLA score (loneliness)	1.185	0.043	[1.104; 1.271]	4.703	< 0.001
Number of comorbidities	1.152	0.058	[1.044; 1.271]	2.822	0.005
Gender-Male [reference]	1.000
Gender-Female	1.346	0.166	[1.057; 1.713]	2.413	0.016
Age	1.005	0.004	[0.997; 1.014]	1.213	0.225
Hospitalisation-No [reference]	1.000
Hospitalisation-Yes	0.202	0.290	[0.012; 3.372]	-1.114	0.265
Recent vaccination-No [reference]	1.000
Recent vaccination-Yes	0.853	0.168	[0.580; 1.255]	-0.806	0.420

Values that are statistically significant at 5% confidence interval are highlighted in bold.