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. 2025 Oct 27;15:43. doi: 10.1038/s41387-025-00401-x

Table 1.

Baseline demographic and cardio-metabolic characteristics of all study participants in the two intervention groups (n = 73).

Variables Plant-based protein diet (n = 37) Animal-based protein diet (n = 36) P-valuea
Age (year) 44 ± 9.8 43.9 ± 9.8 0.65
Body weight (kg) 81.45 ± 13.13 82.33 ± 12.42 0.77
BMI (kg/m2) 29.23 ± 4.12 29.23 ± 3.41 0.99
WC (cm) 99.31 ± 10.04 96.86 ± 9.42 0.29
Sex 0.82
 Male 17 (45.9) 18 (50)
 Female 20 (54.1) 18 (50)
Education 0.31
 Diploma or lower 7 (18.9) 3 (8.3)
 Higher than Diploma 30 (81.1) 33 (91.7)
Marital status 0.11
 Single 1 (2.8) 4 (11.4)
 Married 35 (97.2) 29 (82.9)
 Divorced or widow 0 2 (5.7)
SBP (mmHg) 125.40 ± 15.68 129.26 ± 17.29 0.32
DBP (mmHg) 85.35 ± 8.71 87.64 ± 11.32 0.33
FBG (mg/dL) 104.62 ± 33.85 99.47 ± 23.21 0.45
TG (mg/dL) 165.78 ± 41.12 180.16 ± 47.24 0.17
TC (mg/dL) 198.35 ± 39.86 191.22 ± 33.15 0.41
LDL-c (mg/dL) 112.54 ± 31.56 107.70 ± 28.03 0.49
HDL-c (mg/dL) 52.65 ± 9.88 47.49 ± 7.72 0.01
LDL-c/HDL-c ratio 2.17 ± 0.63 2.30 ± 0.61 0.38
Adropin (pg/ml) 65.61 ± 55.40 51.11 ± 21.43 0.15
Atherogenic index of plasma 0.49 ± 0.13 0.57 ± 0.14 0.02

aResulted from independent-samples t-test for quantitative variables and chi-square test (fisher’s exact test) for categorical variables.

Quantitative variables: mean ± SD. Qualitative variables: frequency (percentage).