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. 2025 Oct 28;15(10):e72310. doi: 10.1002/ece3.72310

TABLE 3.

Results of PERMANOVA (A) and Mantel tests (B), used to identify significant differences in diet composition between bat species, maternity roosts, year of sampling, and sampling period.

(a) PERMANOVA based on 999 permutations
df R 2 F Pr(>F)
Bat species 1 0.0563 102.47 0.001
Roost 11 0.1866 35.621 0.001
Year 1 0.0118 20.582 0.001
Sampling period 2 0.0192 16.881 0.001
Year × Sampling period 8 0.0486 10.99 0.001
(B) Mantel test based on 999 permutations
Statistic r Significance 90% 95% 97.50% 99%
Brown long‐eared bat 0.2525 0.001 0.0107 0.0143 0.0165 0.0190
Soprano pipistrelle 0.3161 0.001 0.0060 0.0082 0.0093 0.0115

Note: Table presents F‐statistics, R 2 values, degree of freedom, and p‐values (Pr(>F)). PERMANOVA test (performed using ‘adonis2’ function of Vegan package) compares diet composition between groups. Mantel test measures correlation between beta diversity and landscape diversity, using ‘mantel’ with Spearman correlation. Mantel results are indicated with 95% CI [0.50, 0.75]. Significant p‐values (< 0.05) are indicated in bold.