Table 2.
Univariate Analysis of Predictors of Wheeze in the First Year of Life
|
Children, No. (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | Wheeze (n = 197) | No wheeze (n = 301) | OR (95% CI) |
| Report of mouse exposure | |||
| Yes† | 66 (33.5) | 66 (21.9) | 1.79 (1.20–2.68) |
| Detectable mouse allergen (kitchen) | |||
| Yes | 49 (34.5) | 70 (29.9) | 1.23 (0.79–1.93) |
| Sex | |||
| M | 99 (50.2) | 169 (56.2) | 1.00 |
| F | 98 (49.8) | 132 (43.8) | 1.27 (0.88–1.82) |
| Household income* | |||
| <$30,000† | 24 (12.6) | 21 (7.2) | 1.86 (1.01–3.44) |
| Paternal history of asthma* | |||
| Yes | 41 (21.1) | 75 (25.3) | 0.79 (0.51–1.22) |
| Maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 17 (8.6) | 16 (5.3) | 1.68 (0.83–3.41) |
| Birth weight, kg* | |||
| 3.79 to <4.91 | 37 (18.8) | 87 (29.0) | 1.00 |
| <3.79† | 160 (81.2) | 213 (71.0) | 1.77 (1.14–2.73) |
| Season of birth | |||
| Winter (Dec–Feb) | 39 (19.8) | 85 (28.2) | 1.00 |
| Spring (Mar–May)† | 63 (32.0) | 81 (26.9) | 1.70 (1.03–2.80) |
| Summer (Jun–Aug) | 43 (21.8) | 67 (22.3) | 1.40 (0.82–2.40) |
| Fall (Sep–Nov) | 52 (26.4) | 68 (22.6) | 1.67 (0.99–2.81) |
| Day care attendance | |||
| Yes† | 105 (53.3) | 133 (44.2) | 1.44 (1.01–2.06) |
| ≥3 episodes of nasal catarrh | |||
| Yes† | 179 (90.9) | 242 (80.4) | 2.42 (1.38–4.25) |
| ≥1 upper respiratory tract illness‡ | |||
| Yes† | 149 (75.6) | 175 (58.1) | 2.24 (1.50–3.33) |
| ≤1 lower respiratory tract illness§ | |||
| Yes† | 85 (43.2) | 47 (15.6) | 4.10 (2.69–6.24) |
| Endotoxin levels, EU/mg* | |||
| First quartile (range, 2.14–52.48) | 34 (21.4) | 66 (27.3) | 1.00 |
| Second quartile (range, 52.50–80.00) | 36 (22.6) | 64 (26.5) | 1.09 (0.61–1.95) |
| Third quartile (range, 80.48–123.19) | 43 (27.0) | 58 (24.0) | 1.44 (0.81–2.55) |
| Fourth quartile (range, 125.61–713.20) | 46 (28.9) | 54 (22.3) | 1.65 (0.93–2.93) |
| Cockroach allergen levels, U/g of dust* | |||
| <0.05 | 129 (66.5) | 231 (76.7) | 1.00 |
| ≥0.05† | 52 (26.8) | 57 (18.9) | 1.63 (1.06–2.52) |
| Dog allergen levels, μg/g* | |||
| <20 | 134 (82.2) | 208 (82.9) | 1.00 |
| ≥20 to <200† | 5 (3.1) | 22 (8.8) | 0.35 (0.13–0.95) |
| ≥200 | 24 (14.7) | 21 (8.4) | 1.77 (0.95–3.31) |
| Cat allergen levels, μg/g of dust* | |||
| <1 | 72 (36.7) | 87 (28.9) | 1.00 |
| ≥1 to <8 | 75 (38.3) | 131 (43.5) | 0.69 (0.45–1.05) |
| ≥8 | 49 (25.0) | 83 (27.6) | 0.71 (0.44–1.14) |
| Dust mite allergen levels, μg/g of dust* | |||
| <0.05 | 19 (9.8) | 14 (4.6) | 1.00 |
| ≥0.05 to <2 | 87 (44.8) | 132 (43.8) | 0.49 (0.23–1.02) |
| ≥2 to <10† | 40 (20.6) | 73 (24.2) | 0.40 (0.18–0.89) |
| ≥10† | 48 (24.7) | 82 (27.2) | 0.43 (0.10–0.94) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
*
There was missing information on paternal history of asthma (n = 8), household income (n = 14), birth weight (n = 1), mouse allergen (n = 122), endotoxin levels (n = 97), dog allergen (n = 84), cockroach allergen (n = 3), dust mite allergen (n = 3), and cat allergen (n = 1). Allergen levels and endotoxin levels are from living room house dust samples collected when the child was aged 2 to 3 months.
†
P < .05.
‡
Defined as ear infection or physician-diagnosed sinus infection.
§
Defined as croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia.