TABLE 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Characteristics | Amsterdam (N = 94) | Munich (N = 75) | Paris (N = 38) | Total (N = 207) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient features | |||||
| Sex (male) | 52 (55.3%) | 37 (49.3%) | 25 (65.8%) | 114 (55.1%) | .251 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 39.5 (10.9) | 39.1 (10.2) | 43.7 (12.8) | 40.1 (11.1) | .152 |
| Presenting symptoms | |||||
| Seizure | 71 (75.5%) | 40 (53.3%) | 31 (81.6%) | 142 (68.6%) | .001b |
| Incidental | 10 (10.6%) | 10 (13.3%) | 5 (13.2%) | 25 (12.1%) | .845 |
| Headache | 7 (7.4%) | 12 (16.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (9.2%) | .015 |
| Sensory deficit | 6 (6.4%) | 9 (12.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (7.2%) | .061 |
| Visual disorders | 3 (3.2%) | 6 (8.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (4.3%) | .109 |
| Cognitive disorders | 1 (1.1%) | 5 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.9%) | .049 |
| Motor deficit | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (5.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 6 (2.9%) | .257 |
| Behavior change | 3 (3.2%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (1.9%) | .432 |
| Increased ICP | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.7%) | 1 (2.6%) | 3 (1.4%) | .282 |
| Vertigo | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | .069 |
| Aphasia | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | .784 |
| Fatigue | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | .547 |
| Inattention | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | .547 |
| Psychosis | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | .547 |
| Tumor features | |||||
| WHO gradea | .277 | ||||
| II | 50 (53.2%) | 43 (57.3%) | 26 (68.4%) | 119 (57.5%) | |
| III | 44 (46.8%) | 32 (42.7%) | 12 (31.6%) | 88 (42.5%) | |
| Volume, mL, mean (SD) | 63.2 (55.4) | 56.5 (112.7) | 49.9 (45.5) | 58.4 (78.4) | .036 |
| Hemisphere (L) | 51 (54.3%) | 29 (38.7%) | 22 (57.9%) | 102 (49.3%) | .118 |
| Treatment features | |||||
| Awake surgery | 75 (79.8%) | 11 (14.7%) | 31 (81.6%) | 117 (56.5%) | <.001b |
| EoR% (SD) | 80.3 (24.8) | 85.9 (19.5) | 76.1 (31.0) | 81.4 (24.6) | .049 |
| Chemotherapy | 29 (30.9%) | 53 (70.7%) | 9 (23.7%) | 91 (44.0%) | <.001b |
| Radiation therapy | 47 (50.0%) | 51 (68.0%) | 7 (18.4%) | 105 (50.7%) | <.001b |
| Work status | |||||
| Employed | 81 (86.2%) | 71 (94.7%) | 29 (76.3%) | 181 (87.4%) | .018 |
| Work resumption | 50 (61.7%) | 42 (59.2%) | 19 (65.5%) | 111 (61.3%) | .352 |
| ISCO major group | .293 | ||||
| 1 Managers | 8 (8.5%) | 6 (8.0%) | 8 (21.1%) | 22 (10.6%) | |
| 2 Professionals | 23 (24.5%) | 25 (33.3%) | 13 (34.2%) | 61 (29.5%) | |
| 3 Technicians | 10 (10.6%) | 11 (14.7%) | 2 (5.3%) | 23 (11.1%) | |
| 4 Clerical Support | 6 (6.4%) | 9 (12.0%) | 2 (5.3%) | 17 (8.2%) | |
| 5 Service and Sales | 12 (12.8%) | 5 (6.7%) | 5 (13.2%) | 22 (10.6%) | |
| 6 Skilled Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery | 1 (1.1%) | 3 (4.0%) | 1 (2.6%) | 5 (2.4%) | |
| 7 Craft workers | 6 (6.4%) | 3 (4.0%) | 3 (7.9%) | 12 (5.8%) | |
| 8 Plant and Machine operators | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.7%) | 1 (2.6%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| 9 Elementary | 6 (6.4%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (3.9%) | |
| ISCO skill level | .163 | ||||
| 1 | 6 (6.4%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (3.9%) | |
| 2 | 25 (26.6%) | 22 (29.3%) | 12 (31.6%) | 59 (28.5%) | |
| 3 | 13 (13.8%) | 12 (16.0%) | 2 (5.3%) | 27 (13.0%) | |
| 4 | 28 (29.8%) | 30 (40.0%) | 21 (55.3%) | 79 (38.2%) |
EoR, extent of resection; ICP, intracranial pressure; ISCO, International Standardized Classification of Occupations; WHO, World Health Organization.
a
As defined by the WHO 2016 classification.
b
P-value ≤.01.