| TNDM | Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus |
| PNDM | Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus |
| MS-MLPA | Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification |
| MODY | Maturity-onset diabetes of the young |
| IUGR | Intrauterine growth restriction |
| tNGS | Targeted next-generation sequencing |
| UPD | Uniparental disomy |
| ADHD | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| DMR | Differentially methylated region |
| MLID | Multi-locus imprinting disturbance |
| NDM | Neonatal diabetes |
| MD | Monogenic diabetes |
| STR | Short tandem repeat |
| HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin |
| SGA | Small for gestational age |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| pc | percentile |
| mtDNA | Mitochondrial DNA |