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. 2025 Sep 29;14(10):981. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14100981
AMR antimicrobial resistance
WHO World Health Organization
MDR multidrug-resistant
ESKAPE pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.
CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
AMPs antimicrobial peptides
3D three-dimensional
NPs nanoparticles
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
10-HDA 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
CaTx-II Crotalus adamanteus toxin-II
MIC minimum inhibitory concentrations
MBC minimum bactericidal concentrations
VRE Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
MTN mesoporous titanium nanoparticles
PEI ethylene imine polymer
BH berberine hydrochloride
BER berberine chloride
GBM glioblastoma
PLGA poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
ALG blending alginate
MC methylcellulose
LAP laponite
Gen gentamicin
PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
MVLs multivesicular liposomes
VAN HL vancomycin hydrochloride
SLNs solid lipid nanoparticles
NRG naringenin
PM paromomycin ulphate
VM-FB vancomycin base
MSSA methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
PTA target attainment
PK pharmacokinetic
PD pharmacodynamic
OHA-PBA acid-grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid
SpsB signal peptidase type IB