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. 2025 Sep 24;14(10):958. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14100958
GNB Gram-negative bacteria
MCR Mobilized colistin resistance
MDR Multidrug resistance
WHO World Health Organization
AMR Antimicrobial resistance
KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase
LOS Longer hospital stays
IDSA Infectious Diseases Society of America
NDM New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase
AST Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
ICU Intensive Care Unit
MALDI-TOF MS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
EUCAST European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
BMD Broth microdilution
GLASS Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
FISH Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
NAAT Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology
STs Sequence types
PDT Photodynamic therapy
CLSI Clinical and laboratory standards institute
WGS Whole-genome sequencing
ABCR A. baumanii resistant to colistin
ABCS A. baumanii sensitive to colistin
MDR UTI Multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection