| CHF | Chronic Heart Failure |
| CKD | Chronic Kidney Diseases |
| CLD | Chronic Liver Disease |
| CPOD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| ESBL | Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase |
| EUCAST | European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| KPC | Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase |
| Ly | Lymphocytes |
| MALDI-TOF | Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry |
| MRSA | Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus |
| NDM | New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase |
| NEU, Ne | Neutrophils |
| NLR | Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio |
| OXA-48 | Oxacillinase 48 |
| PCT | Procalcitonin |
| RT-PCR | Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SIRS | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
| SOFA | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment |
| T0,1,2 | Time 0,1,2 |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| TMP/SMX | Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| VRE | Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci |
| WBC | White blood cell count |
| yrs | years |