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. 2025 Oct 21;13(10):2566. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13102566
CHF Chronic Heart Failure
CKD Chronic Kidney Diseases
CLD Chronic Liver Disease
CPOD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CRP C-reactive protein
DM Diabetes mellitus
ESBL Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
EUCAST European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
ICU Intensive care unit
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IQR Interquartile range
KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase
Ly Lymphocytes
MALDI-TOF Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
NDM New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase
NEU, Ne Neutrophils
NLR Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
OXA-48 Oxacillinase 48
PCT Procalcitonin
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
SD Standard deviation
SIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
T0,1,2 Time 0,1,2
TB Tuberculosis
TMP/SMX Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
VRE Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
WBC White blood cell count
yrs years