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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Oct 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Chem Theory Comput. 2025 Oct 6;21(19):9710–9725. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01193

Table 1.

Detailed Training Setup of PBGNN

hyperparameter value
optimizer Adam
learning rate γ 0.0005
batch size b 4
cutoff threshold K 15 (PBSA), 30 (PBSMALL)
maximum training iterations T 32,000
loss function ℒCMSE
atom feature hidden dimension Ch 128
number of radial basis functions Nk 128
frequencies used in the embedding θ 10,000
message passing iteration number Tmsg 5