3D	Three-Dimensional
AC	Alternating Current
aDNA	Alzheimer’s disease specific sequences
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
AMBER	Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
AuNPs	Gold Nanoparticles
AβO	Amyloid-β oligomers
BB	Bandrowski’s base
BiLSTM	Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory
BLI	Biolayer Interferometry
BNP	B-type Natriuretic Peptide
BoNT/C	Botulinum neurotoxin type C
bp-SNA	bipolar silica nanochannel array
CA15-3	Carbohydrate antigen 15-3
Cdl	Double Layer Capacitance
CG	Coarse-grained
CGM	Continuous Glucose Monitoring
CHA	Catalytic hairpin assembly
CNN	Convolutional Neural Network
CNTs	carbon nanotubes
CS/PtNPs	Chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles
ctDNA	circulating tumor DNA
DAB	3,3′-diaminobenzidine
DL	Deep Learning
DPV	Differential Pulse Voltammetry
E-AB	Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensor
ECL	Electrochemiluminescence
EDC	1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
EIS	Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
ELISAs	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
EXPAR	Exponential isothermal amplification reaction
FBS	Fetal Bovine Serum
Fc	Ferrocene
FET	Field Effect Transistor
FRET	Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
GOx	Glucose oxidase
GRNN	General Regression Neural Network
HCR	Hybridization chain reaction
HER2	Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
IL-6	Interlukin-6
ITO	Indium Tin Oxide
KDM	Kinetic Differential Measurement
KPC-2	Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2
LAMP	Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
LbL	layer-by-layer
LFA	Lateral Flow Assay
LoD	Limit of Detection
LSTM	Long Short-Term Memory
LSPR	Localized surface plasmon resonance
MA-MN	Multivalent Aptamer Magnetic Nanozyme
MARQ-LFIA	Multiple Aptamer Recognition-based Quantum dot Lateral Flow Immunoassay
MB	Methylene blue
MCC	Matthews correlation coefficient
MCF-7	Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
MCTS	Monte Carlo Tree Search
MD	Molecular Dynamics
MEA	Multielectrode array
MFE	Minimum Free Energy
ML	Machine Learning
MM/PBSA	molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area
MOFs	Metal–organic frameworks
mRMR	Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy
MSS$A	Multiple secondary structure string alignment
MUC1	Mucin 1
NHS	N-hydroxysuccinimide
Ni-NTA	Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid
NLP	Natural Language Processing
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
OECT	Organic Electrochemical Transistor
P(ANi-Lu)/GO/CS	Poly(aniline-luminol)/graphene oxide/chitosan
PD	Particle display
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PfLDH	Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase
PLIP	Protein–Ligand Interaction Profiler
POCT	Point-of-Care Testing
PPD	Paraphenylenediamine
PSA3	Prostate Cancer Antigen 3
QCM	quartz crystal microbalance
QDs	Quantum dots
RBMs	Restricted Boltzmann Machines
RCA	Rolling circle amplification
Rct	Charge Transfer Resistance
RF	Random forests
RMSD	Root-Mean-Square Distance
RNNs	Recurrent Neural Networks
RPA70A	Replication protein A 70 kDa subunit domain
SAMs	Self-assembled monolayers
SAW	surface acoustic wave
SELEX	Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
SPAAC	Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition
SSAs	Structure-switching aptamers
SVM	Support Vector Machine
SWV	Square Wave Voltammetry
TFA	Thermal fluorescence analysis
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor beta 1
Tₘ	Melting temperature
TMB	Tetramethylbenzidine
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
VAE	Variational Autoencoder
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VTM	Viral Transport Medium