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. 2025 Oct 13;15(20):2576. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15202576
PE Pre-eclampsia
GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
TTTS Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome 
FGR Fetal Growth Restriction
sFGR Selective Fetal Growth Restriction 
UtA-PI uterine atery pulsatility index
PlGF placental growth factor
BMI Body mass index
IUFD Intrauterine fetal death
SGA Small for gestational age
ART Assisted reproductive technology
IUGR Intrauterine growth restriction
IVF In vitro fertilization
PROM premature rupture of membranes
HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy