HF	Heart failure
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
IHD	Ischemic heart disease
LVEF	Left ventricular ejection fraction
HFrpEF	HF with reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF	HF with preserved ejection fraction
AS	Atherosclerosis
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
BAs	Bile acids
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
TMA	Trimethylamine
FMOs	Flavin-containing monooxygenases
TMAU	Trimethylaminuria
HFD	High-fat diet
IL	Interleukin
NLRP3	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3
SIRT3	Sirtuin 3
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase 2
mtROS	Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
TXNIP	Thioredoxin-interacting protein
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
FA	Fatty acid
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PLIN4	Perilipin 4
OMA1	Overlapping activity with m-AAA protease 1
OGDHL	Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase L
BAT	Brown adipose tissue
CP	Creatine phosphate
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Ca2+	Calcium ion
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
NOX2	NADPH oxidase 2
PIEZO1	Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1
WD	Western diet
ANP	atrial natriuretic peptide
β-MHC	β-myosin heavy chain
TGF	Transforming growth factor
NF	Nuclear factor
BNP	Brain natriuretic peptide
LV	Left ventricular
NO	Nitric oxide
CHF	Chronic heart failure
HTN	Hypertension
ANG	Angiotensin
MI	Myocardial infarction
RCT	Reverse cholesterol transport
ApoE−/−	Apolipoprotein E knockout
CADs	Coronary artery diseases
SGLT2	Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
ACEIs	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
MD	Mediterranean diet
MF	Multistrain formula
DMB	3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol
FMC	Fluoromethylcholine
IMC	Iodomethylcholine
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
ASCVD	Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ARBs	Angiotensin receptor blockers
ARNIs	Angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors
BBR	Berberine
RES	Resveratrol
GYP	Gypenosides
LBPs	Lycium barbarum polysaccharides
PU	Puerarin
PMFs	Polymethoxyflavones